Francesco Costanzo Catanio, (1602 – 3 July 1665) was a painter of the Italian Baroque period, born and mainly active in Ferrara.

[1][3] He initially trained under Ippolito Scarsellino in Ferrara, until – because of his "...litigious and ill-tempered..." manner – his father sent him to Bologna to study in the school of Guido Reni.

After injuring a soldier, Catanio was forced to seek refuge in the monastery of San Francesco where he was employed in painting frescoes.

In his earliest works in Ferrara – a San Gregorio originally painted soon after 1630 for the church of that saint, now in Santa Maria dei Teatini, and the Coronazione di spine and Flagellazione in the Duomo from before 1636 – already show the influence of Caravaggio.

[1] During the Second World War two of his paintings were destroyed: a S. Luigi Gonzaga che rinuncia alla signoria di Castiglione in Santo Stefano (formerly in the Gesù); and an Orazione nell'Orto in San Benedetto [it].