Introduced under Sections 6 and 7 of the Local Government Act 2002, they are essentially any company with a majority council shareholding, or a trust or similar organisation with a majority of council-controlled votes or council-appointed trustees, unless designated otherwise.
For example, the Wellington City Council uses trusts to hold museums and its zoo, while in 1996 the Horowhenua District Council transferred its library functions to the Horowhenua Library Trust.
[1] In the past, the erstwhile for-profit LATEs were seen as the local government equivalent of state-owned enterprises (SOEs).
Council-controlled organisations pay tax to central government, unlike the internal activities of councils which are tax-free.
[2] The Local Government Act exempts certain organisations from its legislative control and there is a mechanism under Section 7 to manually designate further exceptions.