On 4 January 1691 in Langenburg Johanna Sophia married Count Frederick Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (1655–1728).

Early in their marriage, she was allowed to accompany her husband, who traveled a great deal, but later was left behind more often.

When disagreements erupted between Johanna Sophie and her husband, she moved with her two sons to Hanover.

Johanna Sophia and Frederick Christian had the following children: Johanna Sophia became friends with the Electoral Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1683–1737), later wife of King George II and accompanied her to the United Kingdom.

The Countess was a Lady-in-waiting at the English court of the Kings of Hanover in London.