It was created in 1790 for Prince Charles Augustus (1769-1823) of the line of Wittelsbach-Bretzenheim, illegitimate son of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria and Palatinate and Josepha von Heydeck.

Its territory in central Germany was mediatised to Hesse-Darmstadt in 1803, and its territory north of Lake Constance (former imperial city of Lindau) was mediatised to Austria in 1804.

Before 1789-1790 it was an Imperial Lordship and it had some important rulers, including Ambrosius Franz, Count of Virmont.

In 1772 the Elector of Palatinate bought the Lordship (Imperial County 1774 ) for his son.

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