[1] Most often materials are put on course reserve by library staff at the request of the course's instructor.
Reserve materials usually return to normal circulation at the end of the term.
Many academic libraries are installing software and supporting availability of course readings in digital formats through a service referred to as "E-reserves.
"[3] The service provides controlled access to materials in a digital format but limited to students in a specific course.
Libraries often place excerpts from copyrighted works in closed or electronic reserves in accordance with Fair Use guidelines, which govern formal classroom distribution of photocopied materials and extend to reserve readings as well.