The first modern court of appeals Divan-ı Ahkam-ı Adliye which was the first form of today's Yargıtay was established during the reign of Abdülaziz on 6 March 1868.

[1] During the Turkish War of Independence, the Mahkeme-i Temyiz transferred its case files to a Temporary Committee of Appeals Muvakkat Temyiz Heyeti, which was formed on June 7, 1920, in Sivas by the Ankara Government that replaced the government in İstanbul upon the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

[1] On 7 June 1920 the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law that established four chambers for appeal cases referring to civil, criminal, religious justice and one for petitions.

[1] In 1935, the Supreme Court of Appeals moved to its new building in Ankara, which was built by the renowned Austrian architect Clemens Holzmeister.

"[9] The organization criticized a March 2008 precedent decision by the General Penal Board of the Court of Cassation, ruling that individuals joining demonstrations where the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) had called for public participation were to be charged with “membership” in the PKK for “committing a crime in the name of the organization.”[9] In a report of 17 June 2010 Amnesty International called for an end of prosecution of children under anti-terrorism legislation.

[10] The organization stated, "Thousands of children in Turkey, some as young as 12, have been prosecuted under anti-terrorism legislation, solely for their alleged participation in demonstrations considered by the government to be in support of terrorism.

The anti-terrorism legislation that the children are prosecuted under is vague and overly broad in its wording and unfair in its application by judges and prosecutors.

On 1 March 2011 the Law Library of Congress reported: "Turkey's Parliament passed a controversial judicial reform bill on February 9, 2011.

[13] In signing the bill into law on 14 February 2011, Turkish President Abdullah Gül remarked that had he not approved it, "200,000 cases could have faced the statute of limitations.