CBTS trains people who hold to the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith to lead churches, domestically and internationally.

The Seminary was originally founded in 2005 as the Midwest Center for Theological Studies by Ted Christman, then pastor of Heritage Baptist Church in Owensboro, Kentucky.

[2][3][4] The seminary began with one faculty member, Sam Waldron, using a single classroom at Heritage Christian School.

[5] In August 2007 the seminary expanded temporarily to two rooms of a local law office, while the church made plans to build a $5.5 million, 38,000-square-foot addition to Heritage School.

[9] In June 2023 the Seminary moved into the newly renovated property of Grace Reformed Church of Owensboro giving it greater capacity for enrollment.