Juku

While new media have been introduced into juku as instructional and delivery methods, traditional teaching is increasingly shifting to individual tutoring.

As of 2011, almost one in five children in their first year of primary school attended after-class instruction, rising to nearly all university-bound high schoolers.

[2] Academic juku offer instruction in the five required subjects: mathematics, Japanese language, science, English, and social studies.

Some children seem to like juku because of the closer personal contact they have with their teachers and, for students in crowded spaces like Tokyo in particular,[2] the relief jukus can provide from small homes, family, television, Internet, and other distractions.

[2] To some observers, juku represent an attempt by parents to exercise a meaningful measure of choice in Japanese education, particularly for children attending public schools.

"[4] With poor students therefore at risk of falling behind, the social and economic inequality in what had been a relatively egalitarian approach to education, at least in public schools through ninth grade, is why Japan's powerful teachers' union does not support the juku institution.

"[4]"The rise of juku is praised as a secret of Japanese success, a healthy reflection of a system of advancement based on merit.

Juku offer a more personalized service[2] "and many encourage individual inquisitiveness when the public system treats everyone alike.