Studies of the criminal tradition involved Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay.
They put forward a theory of “cultural transmission”, focuses on the development in some urban neighborhoods of a criminal tradition that persists from one generation to another despite constant changes in population.
[1] Research by Shaw and McKay on the concept of cultural transmission indicates that a criminal tradition or subculture does exist in areas of larger cities.
[2] Traditions are not personified, so adolescents and boys are easier to obey than direct instructions from specific individuals.
We can also highlight works by Jonny Steinberg on the numbers gangs of South Africa There is also the view that it is impossible to consider all the traditions of the criminal environment as antisocial and harmful, including, for the reason that some of the traditions in the cells of the remand center, contribute to hygiene and the maintenance of sanitary norms.