Cristina Possas de Albuquerque (born 5 June 1948) is a Brazilian public health scientist working with infectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases from an eco-social perspective.

After her undergraduate studies, Possas completed a PhD in psychology at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RIO) in 1972.

After completing her MSocSc at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) in 1980 Possas was appointed to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Portuguese Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, also known as FIOCRUZ) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as a full professor in 1985 where she has worked ever since, completing a public health PhD at the National School of Public Health in 1988.

Whilst working at FIOCRUZ she has also spent time as a Fulbright Fellow and Takemi Fellow in International Health at Harvard University from 1990 to 1994 before becoming a visiting scientist with the New Diseases Group at Harvard School of Public Health from 1994 to 2002.

Possas also served as National Executive Secretary, National Technical Biosafety Commission (CTNBio), Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil from 2001 to 2002 and Head, Research and Technological Development Unit, National AIDS Program, Ministry of Health, Brazil, 2002–2011.