[3] Crown land is used for such things as airports, military grounds (Commonwealth), public utilities (usually State), or is sometimes unallocated and reserved for future development.
[4] From the late 18th century onwards, the territories acquired by the Austrian Habsburg monarchy were called crown lands (German: Kronländer).
Initially ruled in personal union by the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, they played a vital role as constituent lands of the Habsburg nation-building and were ultimately reorganised as administrative divisions of the centralised Austrian Empire established in 1804.
During the restoration period after the Revolutions of 1848, the Austrian crown lands were ruled by Statthalter governors directly subordinate to the Emperor according to the 1849 March Constitution.
By the 1861 February Patent, proclaimed by Emperor Franz Joseph I, the Austrian crown lands received a certain autonomy.
The traditional Landstände (estates) assemblies were elevated to Landtage legislatures, partly elected according to the principle of census suffrage.
Only 4% of land in the provinces is federally controlled, largely in the form of national parks, Indian reserves, or Canadian Forces bases.
[10] Currently, 48% of New Brunswick's territory is Crown land,[15] used for such things as for conservation projects, resource exploitation, and recreation activities.
[16] Crown land is owned by the province and managed by the Department of Natural Resources on behalf of the citizens of Nova Scotia.
[16] Many acres of Crown land are licensed for a variety of economic purposes to help build and maintain the prosperity of the province.
Crown land is used for varying purposes, including agriculture, wind farming,[18][19] and cottages, while other areas are set aside for research, environmental protection, public recreation, and resource management.
It is the province with the smallest percentage of Crown land, and it is managed by the Ministry of Environment, Energy, and Climate Action.
[22] Usage of these lands is for non-economic purposes such as hunting, fishing, trapping, foraging, hiking and bird watching.
Kamehameha III and his successors made these lands their private property, selling, leasing or mortgaging at their enjoyment.
In 1910, Liliuokalani, the former Queen, unsuccessfully attempted to sue the United States for the loss of the Hawaiian Crown Lands.
[citation needed] Families of Starostas often wanted to unlawfully keep the royal properties, and that led to common abuses of law.
[citation needed] After the end of Kingdom in Poland the era of new political system called "Republic of szlachta (nobility)" started in late 16th century already in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The legal conditions of peasants were better in the Crown lands than on the hereditary estates of the nobility, as there were fewer serfdom obligations.
Ruch egzekucyjny (execution movement) of the late 16th century, led by Lord Grand Chancellor of the Crown Jan Zamoyski (against the interests of his own family), put as one of its goals the "execution of lands", i.e. return of all crown lands, which were often illegally held by next generations of Starostine families.
execution movement) and subsequently elected Kings were gradually weakened because szlachta achieved more and more privileges – the "Golden" Liberty.
Historically, the kings of Spain have possessed vast lands, palaces, castles and other buildings, however, at present all those properties are owned by the State.
The Crown lands are administered by an independent institution called Patrimonio Nacional, which is responsible for the maintenance of these properties that are always available to the King or Queen of Spain.
Historically, the properties now known as the Crown Estate were administered as possessions of the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country.
[28] In the areas of the Domain of the Crown, Chief of State Bảo Đại was still officially (and legally) titled as the "Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty".