Croydon Park is 10 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is divided between the local government areas of the City of Canterbury-Bankstown, Municipality of Burwood and Inner West Council.

It is largely residential, but has a commercial strip along Georges River Road, a local arterial that runs through the centre of the suburb.

Croydon Park was originally part of the territory of the Darug tribe which occupied much of Sydney.

A piece of flood-prone land at the junction of Croydon Avenue and the Cooks River was reserved as a public park.

Early settlers included many people involved in the building trade and Chinese market gardeners.

The Parents and Citizens Association at the public school believed that residents were rather left out of regular postal deliveries and a petition was prepared for their member of parliament asking for a Croydon Park post office to be opened in the area.

Gifted to the Church of England in 1934 by the Button Family, it is currently used as residential accommodation for students of Moore Theological College and is heritage-listed.

The Enfield branch of Flower Power Garden Centre, and a Whole Farms Market produce store, are also located in Croydon Park.

The whole suburb sits within the state electoral district of Strathfield, represented by Jason Yat-Sen Li since 2022.