Cryochemistry

Cryochemistry forms the foundation for cryobiology, which uses slowed or stopped biological processes for medical and research purposes.

At absolute zero most elements become a solid, but not all behave as predictably as this; for instance, helium becomes a highly unusual liquid.

The chemistry between substances, however, does not disappear, even near absolute zero temperatures, since separated molecules/atom can always combine to lower their total energy.

The wavelengths from the laser beams eventually hit the gaseous atoms and their outer spinning electrons.

[clarification needed] The primary techniques in use today are optical - many types of spectroscopy are available, but these require special apparatus with vacuum windows that provide room temperature access to cryogenic processes.