[clarification needed] The process has a wide range of applications from industrial tooling to the improvement of musical signal transmission.
Some of the benefits of cryogenic treatment include longer part life, less failure due to cracking, improved thermal properties, better electrical properties including less electrical resistance, reduced coefficient of friction, less creep and walk, improved flatness, and easier machining.
A "dry" cryogenic process does not submerge parts in liquid, but rather ensures that temperatures are slowly descended at less than one degree per minute using short bursts of cold gas being introduced via a solenoid-metered pipe, which is controlled by a computer equipment paired with highly accurate RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) sensors.
Cryogenic machining tests have been performed by researchers for several decades,[6] but the actual commercial applications are still limited to very few companies.
Zhang et al. exploited the cryorolling to the dynamic plastic deformed copper at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT-DPD) to greatly enhance tensile strength with high ductility.
Recently Zhao et al. introduced the efficient method to manipulate nanotwinned titanium which has higher strength, ductility and thermal stability.
[14] By cryoforging repetitively along the three principal axes in liquid nitrogen and following annealing process, pure Titanium can possess hierarchical twin boundary network structure which suppresses the motion of dislocation and significantly enhances its mechanical property.
Especially, the strength and ductility of nanotwinned titanium at 77 K, reaches about 2 GPa, and ~100% which far outweighs those of conventional cryogenic steels even without any inclusion of alloying.