Crystal healing

[10] Amulets were worn or placed on the body, in the form of stones, piercings, rings, necklaces, or other jewelry.

[11] The Ancient Greeks believed that clear quartz crystals were a water that had frozen to the point where it would remain in its solid form.

[9] Precious stones have been thought of as objects that can aid in healing—in a practice known as lapidary medicine—by a variety of cultures.

[13] The Hopi Native Americans of Arizona use quartz crystals to assist in diagnosing illnesses.

[15][16] The alleged medicinal properties of precious stones, as well as other powers they were believed to hold, were collected in texts known as lapidaries, which remained popular in Medieval and Early Modern Europe until the 17th century.

[13] In contrast with other forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), participants in crystal healing view the practice as "individuated",[18] that is dependent on extreme personalization and creative expression.

[3][21] Furthermore, there is no scientific basis for the concepts of chakras, being "blocked", energy grids requiring grounding, or other such terms; they are widely understood to be religious or spiritual in nature.

[22] In 1999, researchers French and Williams conducted a study to investigate the power of crystals compared with a placebo.

In 2001 Christopher French, head of the anomalistic psychology research unit at the University of London and colleagues from Goldsmiths College outlined their study of crystal healing at the British Psychological Society Centenary Annual Conference, concluding: "There is no evidence that crystal healing works over and above a placebo effect.

"[3] Crystal healing effects could also be attributed to confirmation bias (which occurs when the believers want the practice to be true and see only things that back up that desire).

[24] Crystal healing proponents and 5G conspiracy theorists have falsely alleged the pseudoscientific and misinformational belief that shungite may absorb 5G radiation.