The German campaign in Angola resulted in Germany's temporary occupation of the area.

Since the 1960s, they have been under pressure first from white settlers, and after independence from high-ranking military officers and politicians, who acquired large extensions of land which the Ovambo need for the transhumance of their cattle.

The ecological, economic and social disadvantages of pastoralism over ranching has been known since the 1970s, but has not been sufficiently taken into account in policy making.

[3] The province of Cunene contains six municipalities (Portuguese: municípios): The province of Cunene contains the following communes (Portuguese: comunas); sorted by their respective municipalities: [4] Up to 1991, the official name was Provincial Commissioner.

In Call of Duty: Black Ops II, the UNITA under Jonas Savimbi assists CIA operatives Alex Mason and Jason Hudson to find the CIA remnants under Woods held by the MPLA and the Cubans.