The province is located in the Angolan Scarp savanna and woodlands ecoregion, and it contains Quiçama National Park.

The interaction between the cold Benguela Current and warm equatorial waters produces mist, causing humidity in the area to stay high year-round while annual rainfall is low, ranging from 350 to 650 mm (14 to 26 in).

[5] Icolo e Bengo is divided into the seven municipalities of Bom Jesus, Cabiri, Cabo Ledo, Calumbo, Catete, Quiçama, and Sequele.

[8] The EN-230 [pt] highway and the Luanda Railway also run east to west across the northern part of the province.

At the time of its establishment, Icolo e Bengo had three hospitals: one was in the capital of Catete, and two others had been recently constructed in Zango and Sequele.