[1] Gram-positive bacteria characteristics include small irregular rods, lateral flagella, the ability to persist in aerobic environments, and cells containing catalase.

C. flaccumfaciens has a wide host range not limited to kidney beans, soybeans, tulips, and tomatoes.

This pathovar produces a bacterial wilt and its primary host range is the genus Phaseolus (beans), but the pathogen can infect many other species of the same family (Fabaceae).

Multiple factors go into survival of a bacterial population, including temperature, humidity, and soil characteristics.

oortii survive in the vegetative propagative organs (bulbs) rather than in the seeds, like Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv.

The bacteria multiply relatively quickly, which increases the possibility that Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens can shed from dying or dead plant material.

In the case of beans & tulips, these practices move the propagule during the overwriting phase of their life cycles.

There are no reports of vectors, but the nematode Meloidogyne incognita may assist entry by providing unnatural wounds.

[12] Bacteria may be detected beneath the seedcoat by means of a combined cultural and slide agglutination test.

The strongest control regulations handed down by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) to date was a quarantine procedure.