[1] Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Czech Republic, which reports to the Chamber of Deputies.

This changed in early 2014, with the rise of a new major political party ANO 2011, which has since led two cabinets.

[3][needs update] According to the V-Dem Democracy indices the Czech Republic was 2023 the 16th most electoral democratic country in the world.

The prime minister sets the agenda for most foreign and domestic policies but has to obtain the president's approval to hire or dismiss any other member of the Cabinet.

A ministry – sometimes called government department – is a governmental organisation that manages a specific sector of public administration.

Candidates for every political party participating in the elections are split among 14 electoral districts, which are identical to the country's administrative regions.

The court is composed of 15 justices who are named for a renewable period of 10 years by the president and approved by the Senate.

The Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic protects people from unlawful decisions and procedures of the state authorities.

It resolves competence disputes between governmental organizations and also serves as disciplinary court for other members of the judiciary.

There are eight regional courts in the Czech Republic: in Brno, Ostrava, Hradec Králové, Ústí nad Labem, Plzeň, České Budějovice and two in Prague.

The capital of Prague is the only exception to this, as the City Council acts both as regional and municipal governing body and is led by a mayor.

Sources: Senate, cs:Volby do Senátu Parlamentu České republiky 2016, cs:Volby do Senátu Parlamentu České republiky 2018 Volby.cz, cs:Volby do Senátu Parlamentu České republiky 2020, Constituencies in which the election was held: From 1991, the Czech Republic, originally as part of Czechoslovakia and since 1993 in its own right, has been a member of the Visegrád Group and from 1995, the OECD.

In October 2017, populist movement ANO 2011, led by the country's second-richest man, Andrej Babiš, won the elections with three times more votes than its closest rival, the centre-right Civic Democrats.

[9] In December 2017, Czech President Miloš Zeman appointed Andrej Babiš as the new prime minister.

[10] On 28 November 2021, Czech President Miloš Zeman appointed opposition leader Petr Fiala as the country's new prime minister.

The centre-right coalition Spolu (meaning Together) won tightly contested legislative elections in October 2021 against Prime Minister Andrej Babiš and his right-wing populist ANO party.

[11] In January 2023, Former NATO general Petr Pavel won the election runoff over Andrej Babiš to succeed Miloš Zeman as the fourth president of the Czech Republic.