D'Arsonval was an important contributor to the emerging field of electrophysiology, the study of the effects of electricity on biological organisms, in the nineteenth century.

He discovered that currents with frequency over 5,000 Hz did not cause the muscular contractions and nerve stimulation effects of electric shock.

He pioneered the therapeutic application of high frequency current to the body, founding the field of electrotherapy.

d'Arsonval's student, Georges Claude, built the first OTEC plant in Cuba in 1930.

He was awarded the Prix Montyon in 1882 and was appointed a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour in 1884, with Grand Cross in 1931.