It was developed at a request by the Luftstreitkräfte in spring 1917 after their experience with the R.I had been generally positive, but only two were ever built despite six being ordered.

When the R.II first flew in August 1918, the driveshafts proved troublesome, creating excessive vibration.

The aircraft also was able to benefit from the new Mercedes D.IVa engine that had replaced the troublesome D.IV in production.

Transmission trouble with the shafts, geared up to 3,000 rpm, was reported by pilots until improved versions cases and bearings were fitted to the aircraft.

Following the war, DFW planned an airliner version of the R.II, which would have carried 24 passengers.