This makes it possible to locate a protein binding site on a particular DNA molecule.
The method uses an enzyme, deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short), to cut the radioactively end-labeled DNA, followed by gel electrophoresis to detect the resulting cleavage pattern.
For example, the DNA fragment of interest may be PCR amplified using a 32P 5' labeled primer, with the result being many DNA molecules with a radioactive label on one end of one strand of each double stranded molecule.
This protection will result in a clear area on the gel which is referred to as the "footprint".
This technique was developed by David J. Galas and Albert Schmitz at Geneva in 1977[2]