Dahsala system

Dahsala is an Indian system of land taxation which was introduced in A.D. 1580 under the reign of Akbar.

Another reason is that land owned by the government was unable to meet the expenses of the state.

These reasons meant that the government and the cultivators would lose, and in turn made the people worse off too.

Raj Todar mal was the person who pioneered and introduced this system to the empire.

Another was known as Chachar land was left uncultivated for 3 to 4 years to make sure yielding a crop once.

Further under the Dahsala system farmers found it easier to obtain loans which was repaid in annual instalments.

The farmers received a receipt for every payment made to government of the revenue which meant that there was establishment of records under the Dahsala system.

Ghalla Bakshi was another land revenue system used during this period in areas such as the region of Thatta, parts of Kashmir and sarkar of Kandhar.

Khatt Batai method was used in fields which have been sown and the crop unripe were divided by marking to be show the government share.

The Ghalla Bakshi system used to collect the state share through produce rather than allowing the farmers to pay the estimate of crop.

This method also required people to guard the crops so it would not be stolen or go missing before it was sold.

[5][6] Nasaq is also another revenue system which available in this period in areas such as Bengal, Berar and Kashmir.

Another function of the Amal Guzar, other than collecting revenue, was to protect the peasantry by punishing robbers and the miscreants.

The Shiqqdar contributes to the revenue system by provided the Amal Guzar with police assistance to collect money.

The Qanungo was in charge of keeping records of the crop such as the revenue demands, payments and arrears.

The Qanungo were also in charge of keeping records of value tenure such as the extent and the transfers of the land.

The Qanungo was paid one per cent commission on the revenue of the pargana however this was changed by Akbar to a salary.

[4] The Twelve Regulations of Todar Mal set a standard for future administrators to follow.

The Twelve Regulations help to overcome the difficulties faced and showed how the revenue system had to be followed.

The Twelve Regulations were based on the organisational structure, procedure of measure, unit of assessment, method of collection.

[4][8] The Regulations about the organisational structure would mention how to overcome the problems faced with the officers in charge of the revenue system.

Further system was organised which made maintaining accounts of income and expenditure easier.

There was misusing of authority during the measurement of land making the revenue to be paid inaccurate.