Data organization involves characters, fields, records, files and so on.
For example, how does a person make sense of data such as 'employee', 'name', 'department', 'Marcy Smith', 'Sales Department' and so on, assuming that they are all related?
The data we want to capture about all our employees, and not just Marcy, is the name, ID number, address etc.
It is particularly important in databases with referential integrity, third normal form, or perfect key.
A data field holds a single fact or attribute of an entity.