Carson joined the UK Meteorological Office in 1969, following his Ph.D from the Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Liverpool, working on the structure and evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer.
He did early research on the development of atmospheric general circulation models.
In 1982, he was appointed to Assistant Director within the Met Office, and led the Boundary Layer Research Branch and later the Dynamical Climatology Branch.
For 1987–1989 Carson was seconded to the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) as their first Programme Director for atmospheric sciences.
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