Fleming came from St Andrews, a university town in East Fife and was educated at Madras College secondary school.
His family had a china and stoneware business, which he sold in 1883 to concentrate on his interests[1] In his bequest, he left money to found the Hay Fleming Reference library.
The collection was a bequest to the town of St Andrews, in 1932, of the library of Fleming, and consists of c13,000 volumes His grandson was the historian and economist David Fleming.
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