[7] As of 2018[update], Littleproud was the owner of Mr Rental Southern Downs, a rent-to-buy business that employed four people.

[6] Within 18 months, Littleproud was elevated directly to cabinet as Minister for Agriculture and Water Resources, following a reshuffle of the second Turnbull ministry.

Following the Morrison government's return at the 2019 federal election, his title was changed to Minister for Water Resources, Drought, Rural Finance, Natural Disaster and Emergency Management.

[1] Littleproud was viewed as a potential candidate to replace Barnaby Joyce as National Party leader in February 2018.

[12] On 4 February 2020, following Bridget McKenzie’s resignation, he defeated Keith Pitt and David Gillespie to become deputy leader of the National Party.

It was subsequently suggested that Littleproud could emerge as a compromise candidate if conflict continues between supporters of McCormack and Joyce.

The Nationals increased their parliamentary numbers at the election, however Joyce's unpopularity in metropolitan electorates was attributed as a factor in the loss of some Liberal seats.

Following his election as Nationals leader, Littleproud assumed the agriculture portfolio in Peter Dutton's shadow cabinet.

[17] The disallowance motion triggered a crisis in basin states when New South Wales and Victoria pledged to abandon the Plan as a result.

[20] Littleproud successfully negotiated with the Senate crossbench for passage of legislation establishing the Regional Investment Corporation.

[28] In June 2024, Littleproud opposed the establishment of a wind farm offshore off the Illawarra, and committed to a ‘cap’ on renewable energy investment under a Liberal-National government.