The most prominent examples are laser diffraction[3] and acoustic spectroscopy (Coulter counter).
The De Brouckere mean is defined in terms of the moment-ratio system as,
Where ni is the frequency of occurrence of particles in size class i, having a mean Di diameter.
[4] The De Brouckere mean has the advantage of being more sensitive to the larger particles, which take up the largest volume of the sample, therefore giving crucial information about the product in the mining and milling industries.
It was also used in combustion analysis, as the D[4,3] is less affected by the presence of very small particulate residuals, which enabled the evaluation of the primary diesel spray.