He is a professor at Paris-Sorbonne University where he holds the chair in History of the 16th Century.
He is the great-grandson of the economic historian Henry Hauser; the grandson of Maurice Crouzet [fr] who served as the Inspector General for History under France's Ministry of National Education; and the son of François Crouzet, a specialist in British history who was also a professor at the Sorbonne.
Since 2006 he has also served as the director of the Sorbonne's Centre Roland Mousnier for the study of early modern history and its Institut de recherches sur les civilisations de l'Occident moderne.
In 2008 Crouzet was awarded the Madeleine Laurain-Portemer prize by the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques for the body of his work.
He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2011 and in 2014 was made a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur.