A combination of impermeable rock, high rainfall, and shallow acidic soil has created a unique ecosystem of stunted trees and heath-like vegetation which is home to numerous endemic and undescribed species of plants and invertebrates.

It is about 3–4 kilometres (1.9–2.5 mi) wide, and 600–800 metres (2,000–2,600 ft) above sea level, lower at its northern (Millerton) and southern (Denniston) extents, and highest in the middle towards Mount Frederick.

[3] The vegetation of the plateau appears sparse and scrubby, but this is a consequence of the harsh climate and poor soils: there is a high diversity of plant species, and some of the bonsai-like small shrubs are hundreds of years old.

[1][3] North towards Millerton the rocky plateau has dwarfed kāmahi (Weinmannia racemosa), and both southern and northern rātā (Metrosideros robusta).

[1] Some distinctive species include: The plateau has great spotted kiwi (Apteryx haastii), fernbirds (Poodytes punctatus) and New Zealand pipits (Anthus novaeseelandiae), as well as weka, kea, and riflemen.

[2] This created years of conflict between an industry wanting jobs and profits for the people of the West Coast, and those who valued the unique and delicate ecosystem of the plateau.