Department of Transportation v. Association of American Railroads, 575 U.S. 43 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held "for purposes of determining the validity of the metrics and standards, Amtrak is a governmental entity.

Thomas's opinion focuses on the separation of executive and legislative powers.

Today, the Court has abandoned all pretense of enforcing a qualitative distinction between legislative and executive power.

The procedures that §207 sets forth for enacting the metrics and standards also do not comply with bicameralism and presentment.

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