Desmonema (cnidarian)

Desmonema is a genus of jellyfish under the Cyaneidae family found in colder waters near the Antarctic region and off of the coast of Argentina.

[3][4] They have a strong, well-developed radial and circular arrangement of muscles and thick tentacles that are attached in clusters to the base of their bodies.

[9] Scyphozoan jellyfish display sophisticated behavior and process environmental information through their advanced neural network.

[4] Under this life cycle, a planula larva develops into the deposits of the ocean floor and begins asexually reproducing as a polyp.

[11] The jellyfish migrate from the deep depths of the ocean to the surface periodically, but tend to be found primarily in deeper waters around 200–3000 meters below sea level.

[4] In South Australian waters, Desmonema gaudichaudi exhibited a symbiotic relationship with juvenile fishes identified primarily with the Trachurus genus.

[8] The harmful nematocysts of jellyfish make them more appealing hosts for smaller specimen, like fish, crustaceans, helminths, etc.

[5] The Hyperia galba species was found inside of the gastrovascular system and on the subumbrella around the mouth of the jellyfish feeding on its epidermal tissues.

An example of a Trachurus fish that may exhibit a symbiotic relationship with Desmonema . It has not been identified the exact species of Trachurus that displays this relationship. ( Trachurus trachurus )
A Hyperia galba that was found to display an obligate parasitic relationship with Desmonema gaudichaudi (White & Bone 1972).
A Hyperia macrocephala that displays an obligate parasitic relationship with Desmonema glaciale (Bowman 1973).