[1][2] His family hailed from Bandameedi Chandupatla village, Suryapet taluk, Nalgonda District.
Rao was active in the students movement, organizing protests against the Nizam of Hyderabad government.
[1][2] He was expelled from university for his role in the protests, but was able to complete his graduation at Jabalpur Arts College in 1938.
[2] He played an active part in the drafting of the 1948 Andhra Thesis of the Provincial Secretariat of CPI, which for the first time in India outlined a revolutionary line inspired by the experiences of the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong.
[1] In the late 1960s Rao argued that the surrender of arms of the Telangana struggle had been a great betrayal.
Rao and T. Nagi Reddy founded the Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (UCCRI(ML)).
Rao's Telangana Armed Struggle and the Path of Indian Revolution was published in English and Telugu.