Karl Dietrich Gerhard Barfurth (25 January 1849 – 23 March 1927) was a German anatomist and embryologist born in Dinslaken.
In 1882 he earned his medical doctorate, and in 1883 received his habilitation in anatomy.
In 1888 he worked as prosector under Friedrich Sigmund Merkel (1845–1919) in Göttingen.
Barfurth is remembered for regeneration research of body parts (tissues, limbs, organs, etc.)
in animals at the embryonic, larval and adult stages of life.