In mathematics the differential calculus over commutative algebras is a part of commutative algebra based on the observation that most concepts known from classical differential calculus can be formulated in purely algebraic terms.
Instances of this are:
is defined as the commutator
Denoting the set of
th order linear differential operators from an
we obtain a bi-functor with values in the category of
Other natural concepts of calculus such as jet spaces, differential forms are then obtained as representing objects of the functors
and related functors.
Seen from this point of view calculus may in fact be understood as the theory of these functors and their representing objects.
Replacing the real numbers
with any commutative ring, and the algebra
with any commutative algebra the above said remains meaningful, hence differential calculus can be developed for arbitrary commutative algebras.
Many of these concepts are widely used in algebraic geometry, differential geometry and secondary calculus.
Moreover, the theory generalizes naturally to the setting of graded commutative algebra, allowing for a natural foundation of calculus on supermanifolds, graded manifolds and associated concepts like the Berezin integral.