[2] Pope Pius X suppressed the Apostolic Vicariate of Brownsville and erected the Diocese of Corpus Christi on March 23, 1912.

[3] As bishop, Nussbaum founded St. Ann's Society for married women, and promoted the Forty Hours' Devotion and daily communion.

In 1921, Reverend Emmanuel Ledvina of the Diocese of Indianapolis was appointed the second bishop of Corpus Christi by Pope Benedict XV.

[7] In 1936, Pope Pius XI named Reverend Mariano Garriga of the Archdiocese of San Antonio as coadjutor bishop in Corpus Christi to assist Ledvina.

[13][12] After Drury retired in 1983, Pope John Paul II appointed Bishop René Gracida of the Diocese of Pensacola-Tallahassee as his replacement.

In June 1990, Gracida excommunicated two parishioners in the diocese who were providing legal abortion services for women, citing canon law.

In an interview, Aquino noted that he had recently won a $800,000 legal settlement against the anti-abortion group South Texas for Life, whose protestors had been picketing his house.

Monsignor Michael Mulvey of the Diocese of Austin was named bishop of Corpus Christi by Pope Benedict XVI in 2010.

The Diocese of Corpus Christi was sued in 1988 by a couple who claimed that Reverend John J. Feminelli had engaged in private "wrestling matches" with their teenage son.

[20] The diocese in 2011 settled a lawsuit for $1.2 million that was brought by two men who accused Reverend Hugh Clarke of sexually assaulting them from 1972 to 1975 at the rectory and school at Christ the King Parish.

[21] Diocese records later showed allegations from the 1980s that Clarke would take three teenage boys on outings in Mexico, where they would visit brothels and abuse alcohol and illegal drugs.

[22] In January 2019, Bishop Mulvey released a list of 20 diocesan clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors.

[23] In June 2019, three priests on the list, Ferminelli, Hernando and Michael Heras, sued the diocese for defamation of character.