The specific name arcuata comes from Latin and refers to the bow-like curved shape of the algae,[2] while the generic name Dione is another name for the goddess Venus.

[5] Dione arcuata was first formally described by Wendy Nelson in 2005, along with the related alga Minerva aenigmata.

[6] Eyelash seaweed is endemic to New Zealand and can be found attached to rocks in shady tidal areas.

The species has a highly restricted range, with only two known populations on two large boulders at one point of the eastern shore of the South Island.

D. arcuata is difficult to find, as it is the sole member of Bangiales in New Zealand that is only exposed at extremely low water levels.