In 2011, van Duijvenbode reached the final of a German PDC Youth Tour event, losing 2–4 against Paul Barham.

[6][7] Van Duijvenbode began playing in main PDC events in 2014 and qualified for the German Darts Championship, where he beat Brian Woods 6–3 before losing 5–6 to Wes Newton, having been 5–3 ahead.

[8] He reached the quarter-finals of a PDC event for the first time at the fourth UK Open Qualifier by defeating Robert Thornton 6–4, but then lost by a reverse of this scoreline to Brendan Dolan.

[12] In 2015, van Duijvenbode hit his first nine-dart finish during the third Development Tour event after he wired double 12 for a perfect leg in his previous match.

[16] At the UK Open he enjoyed wins over Michael McFall, Peter Hudson and Robbie Green to play in the fourth round and was defeated 4–9 by Mark Webster.

Van Duijvenbode's strong start to the 2020 PDC Pro Tour helped him qualify for the 2020 World Grand Prix, where despite being a debutant and the lowest-ranked qualifier on the Order of Merit, he defeated top 16 players Mensur Suljović, Dimitri Van den Bergh, Gary Anderson & Simon Whitlock to reach his first televised final, where he was defeated by Gerwyn Price.

Van Duijvenbode qualified for the 2022 PDC World Darts Championship as the 17th seed, and therefore entered the tournament at the second round stage.

Van Duijvenbode made his second appearance at the World Matchplay and entered the event as the 14th seed based on his then-ranking on the PDC Order of Merit.

Dirk started the 2023 PDC Pro Tour season well, reaching the final of the 2023 European Darts Open and winning 3 of the first 10 Players Championship events.

Van Duijvenbode finished third in his group at the 2023 Grand Slam of Darts, losing to Gary Anderson 5–4 in a deciding leg in his opening match followed by a 5–2 win over Steve Lennon and a 5–1 loss to Luke Humphries.

[29] Van Duijvenbode defeated Connor Scutt 10–9 in a deciding leg to reach his first semi-final at the Players Championship Finals.