In the legal system, men on average receive higher rates of incarceration and longer sentences than women for similar crimes.
Eurofound's European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) in 2015 showed that 1% of men and 3.1% of women had perceived discrimination in the past 12 months.
Negative experiences of male nurses included rejection, discrimination, accusations from patients and families; harassment and lack of support from female colleagues, managers, and educators.
[13] In 2006, a male nurse won a discriminatory case against the National Health Service which refused to let him perform procedures on women without a female chaperone.
[16] Compared to identical women, male elementary school teachers are perceived as having a greater safety threat to children, less likeable and less hirable.
[15] A 2016 survey on the education workplace in Denmark found that 64% of men compared to 39% of women had rules to stop them from sexually assaulting the children, the most common being closing doors while changing nappies.
The survey also reported that 50% of men compared to 15% of women restrained from doing certain activities with children in fear of suspicion of inappropriate conduct.
Owens, who conducted the study, attributes this to negative stereotypes about boys and says that this may partially explain the gender gap in education.
These have been described as illegal under Title IX and discriminatory against men, causing the United States Department of Education to launch multiple investigations around the country.
[36] In a few countries however, the effective age of labour market exit for men is lower than for women, such as Spain, Finland and France.
[43] Rima Torosyan, a legal scholar, argues that the lack of differentiation in the issue of assigning the type of correctional institution for women is a violation of the principles of humanism and justice.
[64] Researcher E. C. Krell writes about the existence of a racialized transmisandry faced by transgender men of colour living in an atmosphere of strict control over black masculinity.
[65] Military and criminal violence, suicides and industrial accidents are factors that contribute to the reduction of men's life expectancy.
These often focus on mental health issues being caused by "masculinity" and the attitudes and behaviours of men rather than "acknowledging a highly complex web of causation".
For example, the United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality have made campaigns with the slogan "this year thousands of men will die from stubbornness".
[68] He also writes about the contrast when Western society ignores the painful circumcision of boys with the removal of the entire foreskin and at the same time extremely negatively perceives minimally invasive forms of manipulation with the genitals of teenage girls (for example, a symbolic incision of the clitoris without removing any vulva tissues in Somali girls in the USA, which served as an alternative to traditional circumcision).
Writing in the Family Law Quarterly journal, Jerry W. McCant says that society makes little or no effort to teach boys the social skills of nurturing.
Researchers found myths or misconceptions/biases that obfuscated male victims from being accepted and understood: it is rare, women cannot be perpetrators, only happens in prison, and men do not suffer psychological consequences.
[73] Factors as such suggest that in order to find reform in gender-based discrimination, an acknowledgement of patriarchal effects on both genders alike.
"While the negative impact of patriarchal oppression on women and other minority communities has been long recognized," it is crucial to understand that men also suffer severe detrimental effects from this system.
[75] Due to the attribution error of the gender group, the negative behaviour shown by representatives of both sexes is perceived as characteristic and typical only for men.
[77] In an online survey 22,508 adults in 33 countries, conducted by Ipsos between 2022 and 2023, 48% of people believed that the promotion of women's rights has gone as far as discriminating against men.
At the same time, the existing gender equality indices do not take into account gender-based mandatory conscription in peacetime for men.
[87] according to Farrell, men absorb society's ideas about military duty as a path to glory and power, and as a result do not consider it as discrimination.
[88] In 1981, the U.S. Supreme Court in the Rostker v. Goldberg case recognised the constitutional practice of military registration of only the male part of the country's population, arguing that women could not serve in positions related to direct participation in hostilities.
As a result, on February 22, 2019, a federal court in Texas agreed with human rights defenders, recognizing the current system of military registration in the United States unconstitutional.
In post-Soviet Russia, the link between masculinity and militarization, established by the institute of conscription, has undergone significant changes — largely for political and economic reasons.
Sociologist Øystein Gullvåg Holter characterizes the position of men in the gender hierarchy rather as mixed, but not as purely dominant.
According to her, the non-recognition of a number of unfavourable situations by discrimination may be influenced by traditional gender attitudes, which prohibit men from expressing stereotypical feminine behaviour.
[101] In several parts of Germany there are parking spaces reserved for women due to them experiencing higher rates of sexual assault.