Education discrimination can be on the basis of ethnicity, nationality, age, gender, race, economic condition, language spoken, caste, disability and religion.
In several countries, teachers were shown to systematically give students different grades for an identical work, based on categories like ethnicity or gender.
[4] Other studies apply the same method to cohorts spanning multiple years, to measure each teacher's individual biases.
[6] Multiple studies in various disciplines and countries found that teachers systematically give higher grades to girls and women.
NUS cited a study which showed "the marks awarded to black students at one London university were 4.2 per cent lower than those given to their white peers.
Their parents then had to travel long distances from home to find a place for their disabled children for basic education.
The students subject to regional discrimination are those who managed to have a better record in the relevant exams but are denied studying at top universities due to their place of origin.
In the 1960s and 1970s, when the sexual minority groups were sentenced to stay in rehabilitation camps, they automatically lost the opportunity for higher education and were bound to "re-education" by the state.
In 2010, Fidel Castro acknowledged such discrimination during his rule, regretting that he did not pay enough attention to the "great injustice" suffered.
Ruhollah Khomeini was in strong favor of single-sex schools and expressed it in his speech at the anniversary of the birth of Fatimah bint Muhammad, which soon became policy in the country.
The political figure stated:"As the religious leaders have influence and power in this country, they will not permit girls to study in the same school with boys.
"[35]The current constitution of Iran states in Article 4 that: "All civil, penal, financial, economic, administrative, cultural, military, political, and other laws and regulations must be based on Islamic criteria.
This principle applies absolutely and generally to all articles of the Constitution as well as to all other laws and regulations" The cultural and religious embodiments of Androcentrism can be seen throughout the countries infrastructure and policies.
For instance, Iran still considers household and childcare as women's primary responsibility,"[36] as shown through the difference in school criteria between the two sexes.
Segregation laws were met with resistance by Civil Rights activists and began to be challenged in 1954 by cases brought before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Segregation continued longstanding exclusionary policies in much of the Southern United States (where most African Americans lived) after the Civil War.