[1] Banishment and ostracization have historically been a means to punish wrongdoers and maintain social cohesion in Native American tribes.
Article 33 of that UN states that "Indigenous peoples have the right to determine their own identity or membership in accordance with their customs and traditions.
In the United States, it is entirely up to the tribes to determine the criteria and procedures that an individual must meet and undergo to be considered for tribal citizenship.
[11] Many tribes who formed governments under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 have minimum blood quantum requirements.
[11] Some tribes require genetic paternity tests to prove an applicant's claimed father is a tribal citizen.