Dmitrii Nikolaevich Taliev (28 May 1908 – 2 July 1952) was a Soviet Russian ichthyologist and limnologist, notable for his work on the Lake Baikal.
He also studied the morphology of the stingray brain, in connection with which he spent the summer of 1928 in the Sevastopol Biological Research Station, where he familiarised himself with marine life.
In the summer of 1929 he participated in studies of Atlantic cod and White Sea herring as an assistant at the Department of Experimental Ichthyology.
These activities resulted in him writing three papers (on causes of albinism in birds (1927), morphology of the stingray brain (1928) and systematisation of Atlantic cod (1931)), two of which were published whilst Taliev was still studying at University.
By and large most work done in this area was carried out when Taliev was Head of the laboratory of Experimental Systematics at the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.