[3] Kobylkin attended the occupational retraining institute at the Ural Academy of Public Administration (a branch of RANEPA) specialising in State and Municipal Management, completing a Doctor of Economic Sciences in 2004.

In March 2010, Kobylkin was nominated by the Russian President and later confirmed as Governor of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area by the region's Legislative Assembly.

On 12 March 2015, Kobylkin was appointed Acting Governor of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area by the Presidential Executive Order.

[3] During the 2021 Russian legislative election on 19 September, he received a mandate to be a deputy of the 8th State Duma as part of the United Russia party-list.

Since taking office on 12 October 2021, he has chaired the State Duma Committee on Ecology, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection.