The book tells the story of Doctor Dolittle who studies mystical animals and plants on the Moon.

[1] Doctor Dolittle has landed on the Moon and is discovering new things each day.

The animals of the Moon flock to Doctor Dolittle, and he discovers how to communicate with the intelligent plants there.

Dr. Dolittle in the Moon includes an early presentation of the concept of "ecology", though it did not use that term.

Dr. Dolittle helps guide the Lunar Council, headed by Otho Bludge, negotiate how many seeds each person can legally produce each year.