He grew up in a wealthy family home, his father Andreas Peterlini was a cane and straw chair manufacturer, his mother Katharina (married Brandstetter) traded as a field and straw chair manufacturer.
In 1919, Peterlini built a "rest home" for the Boys' Choir at his country estate in Mauer, Vienna.
From 1925 to 1932, Peterlini was a professor at the Vienna Music Academy, during which time he also founded a children's singing school in Mauer.
Peterlini died in Vienna at the age of 69 and was buried on 14 April 1944 at the Friedhof Mauer [de].
At Westbahnstraße 40 in the district of Neubau, a memorial plaque commemorates Peterlini's work as "director of the choir singing and music school in the Catholic Boys' Association "Maria-Hilf" and founder of the "Peterlini Boys' Choir".