Aharonov graduated from Weizmann Institute of Science with an MSc in physics.

In 2005 she was chosen by Nature magazine as one of the four "most prominent young theorists in their field", and the following year she was awarded the Creel Prize for excellence in scientific research.

[4] Aharonov was an invited speaker in International Congress of Mathematicians 2010, Hyderabad on the topic of "Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science".

[5] She was elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2024.

[6] Aharonov's research is mainly about quantum information processes, which includes:[2][7]