Double-stranded RNA

[3][4][5] In eukaryotes, dsRNA plays a role in the activation of the innate immune system against viral infections.

[6] In 1995, Alexander Rich and David R. Davies proposed the double helix structure of RNA for the first time.

The widely recognized acidic forms of polyadenylate and polycytidylate can be introduced to these canonical double-stranded RNA species.

[8] Endogenous retroviruses, natural sense-antisense transcript pairs, mitochondrial transcripts, and repetitive nuclear sequences, including short and long interspersed elements (SINEs and LINEs), are some of the primary sources of endogenous dsRNA.

[9] In general, dsRNAs share some significant characteristics: dsRNA range in size from 1.5 to 20 kbp.