Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson FRSE, FRCSEd LLD (1837 – 3 January 1909) was a Scottish ophthalmologist and surgeon.

The first was in 1863 when he researched the effects on the eye made by physostigmine, an extract from the Calabar bean (Physostigma venenosum), which is found in tropical Africa.

Robert Christison, Professor of Materia Medica at Edinburgh University had in 1855 described the systemic effects of chewing a fragment of Calabar bean.

Dr (later Sir) Thomas Richard Fraser, an Edinburgh physician, who had in 1862 been awarded the gold medal for his MD thesis on possible medical uses,[10] drew Argyll Robertson's attention to its property of constricting the pupil of the eye.

As a result of this experiment he recommended that an extract, which contained the active ingredient, the alkaloid physostigmine, be used to reverse the action of atropine, which had been used in fundoscopy to dilate the pupil since Helmholtz's introduction of the ophthalmoscope in 1851.

In 1869 he published a paper giving the first description of unusual reactions of the pupils to light and accommodation in patients with tabes dorsalis (syphilis affecting the spinal cord).

[14] Creating a small hole in the sclera (anterior sclerotomy) to drain the aqueous humor, would, he reasoned, lower intraocular pressure.

[5] His honours included appointment as Surgeon Oculist in Scotland to Queen Victoria and subsequently to King Edward VII.

In 1892 and 1900 Argyll Robertson travelled to India to visit Bhagvat Singh, the Thakur of Gondal a former pupil at Edinburgh, who had become a personal friend.

In an unusual gesture for a Maharaja, and as a token of the esteem in which he held Argyll Robertson, the Thakur sahib wore mourning robes and lit the funeral pyre of his guru and friend.