Douglas Dunlop was a Scottish teacher and missionary who, during the British occupation of Egypt (1888–1922), controversially created what became known as the 'Dunlop-system' in Egyptian education.
The first Consul-General, Sir Evelyn Baring (later 1st Earl of Cromer), appointed Dunlop as British 'consultant' to the Egyptian Ministry of Education.
Firstly, they were concerned with the debt-ridden Egyptian economy, and secondly with creating a suitable (and compliant) educated governing class and civil service, modelled on their experiences in British India.
Dunlop, on the other hand, oversaw the creation of an elitist two-tier system, with fees introduced for the elite schools.
Zaghul strongly promoted Arabic in education, and necessarily locking horns with his British advisor.