Formed after the merger of XIII Catalan and AS Saint-Estève, they have won one French Championship and two Lord Derby Cups.

The year 2007 saw a strong recruitment by new coach Mick Potter with a string of high-profile signings from Australia, including Clint Greenshields, Casey McGuire, Jason Croker and Aaron Gorrell, all seasoned NRL campaigners.

Gorrell, a goalkicking hooker, impressed in the first month but sustained a bad knee injury in February's win over Leeds and missed the rest of the season.

Coach Mick Potter left the Dragons at the end of the 2008 season to replace Daniel Anderson at St Helens.

[2] The purpose of the latter fixture was to promote the sport in Catalonia, with around 1000 tickets being sold in the local area, and the game was televised on the Catalan channel El 33.

After opening defeats to Wigan and Hull FC, the Dragons edged Leeds 32–28 in round three and then took seven wins from their next eight matches.

Following their 42–32 win over Salford at the end of April, Laurent Frayssinous' side sat second in the table, level on points with leaders Warrington.

Catalans lost their final six regular season games which meant they headed into the Super 8s two points adrift of fourth-placed St Helens.

After a difficult two years at Huddersfield, Jodie Broughton's move to the south of France saw him kick-start his career.

[4] On 25 August 2018, Catalans Dragons won their first British Rugby League trophy, after defeating Warrington 20–14 in the 2018 Challenge Cup Final, in the process becoming the first non-English team to win the competition.

[5][6] During the 2019 season, Catalans Dragons held their home match against Wigan at the Camp Nou in Barcelona.

[7] On 28 January 2020, Catalans Dragons announced that they had signed Israel Folau despite him holding to the Biblical teaching that those who practice homosexuality without repenting will go to hell (going so far as to suggest that the 2019–20 Australian bushfires were God's judgment on Australia for allowing same sex marriage and abortion).

On 9 October 2021, Catalans played in their first ever Super League Grand Final with the opponents being reigning champions St Helens.

They would eventually reach the grand final after beating St Helens in the semi-final which ended the clubs four-year dominance of the competition.

[12] In the 2024 Super League season, Catalans had a disappointing campaign finishing 7th on the table and missing out on the playoffs.